How Skin Cancer Develop due to Sun
Chronic exposure to sunlight can cause malignant and non malignant effects (sunburn and vitamin D synthesis) and affects patients’ health state. The major known effect of chronic skin exposure to sunlight is nonmelanoma skin cancer. There are two types of nonmelanoma skin cancer and they are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Steps of skin cancer development:
There are three major steps for cancer induction and they are initiation of cancer, promotion of cancer, and progression of cancer. Chronic exposure of human skin to sun results in initiation (of cancer).
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Effects of Solar Radiation on Human Skin
Sunlight is the most visible and most obvious source of comfort in the environment. The sun provides the beneficial effects like warmth and vitamin D synthesis. But, acute and chronic exposure to sun may also have serious pathologic consequences, like exposure to sunlight is the major cause of human skin cancer and it also can exert immunosuppressive effects as well.
The energy of sun reaching the surface of the earth is limited to components of the ultraviolet (UV), the visible light, and the infrared portion of wavelength. At the short end of the UV is at approximately 290 nm (nanometer) as the cutoff (this is primarily due to stratospheric ozone formed by highly energetic ionizing radiation, which prevents penetration of shorter, more energetic, potentially more harmful wavelengths of solar radiation to the surface of the earth). Due to the concern about destruction of the ozone layer mainly by chlorofluorocarbons released into the atmosphere has led to international agreements to reduce production of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone layer destroying chemicals.
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